In Vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Hungarian Honeys against Respiratory Tract Bacteria

Honey is a rich source of carbohydrates, while minor compounds such as amino acids and polyphenols contribute to its health-promoting effects. one the oldest traditional remedies applied for microbial infections, due antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. The aim this study was investigate antibacterial antibiofilm effects Hungarian black locust, linden, sunflower honeys against most common biofilm-forming respiratory tract pathogens Haemophilus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae. unifloral character all three honey types confirmed by melissopalynological analysis. activity each sample bacterium strain proven with agar well diffusion assay thin layer chromatography—direct bioautography. Kinetics mechanisms action were clarified time-kill membrane degradation study. anti-biofilm evidenced using crystal violet assay. In assay, linden effective, followed locust honey. addition, had greater potential suppress bacteria, compared major sugar components. conclusion, in general particular, can have role treatment infections caused bacteria.